GKN Shadow Factory tunnels, Smethwick, Birmingham

A cold morning in Birmingham was to be the start of a weekend “up north” taking in a few sites that had been neglected for far too long. The tunnels under the GKN Shadow Factory had been cropping up for a while online and looked pretty special.

In reality, the tunnels are a glorified basement, but what a basement it is! Running under the entire site some of the tunnels were as long as the eye could see. A thick, sticky oil is present in a lot of the tunnels and seeping from the brickwork and the heavy air begins to give you a headache after a while. Hundreds of small storage areas and rooms branch off the tunnels, some still full of random tins and tubs of materials.

We walked the length of the tunnels and came out, strangely, without any kind of separation, into offices and a stairway to the outside area of the site where we could breathe fresh air again!

The GKN shadow factory
The GKN shadow factory

History of the site

In 1854 J. S. Nettlefold, a Birmingham screw manufacturer, had revolutionized his industry by introducing automated American machinery. Room was needed to house this; Nettlefold, joined by his brother-in-law Joseph Chamberlain, father of the statesman, established the Heath Street Works in Cranford Street, Smethwick. The firm dominated the market by the mid 1860s. In 1880, the year in which it became a limited company, Nettlefolds took over one of its local rivals, the Birmingham Screw Co. The newly acquired works was almost as large as the Heath Street Works and faced it from the opposite bank of the Birmingham Canal.

By the outbreak of the First World War the new company produced over half the screws and about a quarter of the nuts and bolts made in the country. In the late 1960s the headquarters of Guest, Keen & Nettlefolds Ltd., by then an investment company, adjoined the Heath Street Works, a 50-acre complex run by GKN Screws and Fasteners Ltd. and employing some 4,500 people.

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Comments

Important, noteworthy & interesting comments are highlighted below

  1. Andy says:

    I worked at the Socket Screw/Pushrod part of the factory as an apprentice, started in 1980, also spent time in the training school within Heath Street Mill and also many hours in the tunnels under the Socket Screw side as I was tasked with mapping all of the pipes; water, gas, oil etc. It was great to see these photos really brought back memories of my time there…

    1. Julie Roberts says:

      Do you remember my father Tony Wright he was a tool setter?

      1. Andy says:

        The name rings a bell Julie, but it was over 40 years ago so my memory of names from those days is a little hazy so I couldn’t say for sure.

  2. Ryan Field says:

    Hi all,

    Just thought I’d say that this site has now become private property and isn’t accessible anymore. My friend and I visited yesterday, to be rudely escorted off the premises by the construction staff of the new Metropolitan Hospital ~ no adventure time for us :( x

  3. Gary Bell says:

    Hi,

    My dad, Derek Bell, was in charge of heat treatment there until he was made redundant after 33 years. He passed away shortly afterwards aged just 56. I’d love to know if any of his fellow workers are still alive. Thank you for that fascinating insight. I wonder if dad knew about the tunnels? I’ve asked my mum (now 88) but she knows nothing about them. My grandad Arthur Wilson worked there also in the 50s/60s.

    1. Keith Wharton says:

      Hi, my Father worked in Heath St mill for 38 years until he retired his name was Tommy Wharton. I started as an apprentice in 1961 until 1968 when I married and moved to Lye.

      After I completed my apprenticeship, I was always told that the narrow tunnels housed the drive shafts when the machines were flat belt driven machines. The tunnels were probably used as air raid shelters, dad was a warden on the roof of Heath St Mill which were of timber construction.

      I still have Dads security lapel badge and his ARP badge from the time, he also served on the Thimblemill REC executive committee for many years.

      Regards Keith Wharton.

      1. Dennis Powick says:

        I was also an apprentice 1960 till 1965.
        Remember Joe Harris the senior instructor in the main training school.

        1. Keith Nicholls says:

          Hi Dennis, yes I remember Joe Harris. I was an apprentice in the mid-sixties. I worked at GKN Kings Norton, spent 6 months there on a training course.

  4. eileen wood says:

    That has made me feel so ancient. You see the part where they mention that ‘strangely the tunnels connect to the offices’, well that was because as wages clerks we would be taken down into the basement, where we were locked into a room where all the money was. (No electronic payment systems then). We would have to sit there counting out what had to be put in the wage packets of all the workers… and we weren’t let out till it all balanced. A nightmare!

    1. Eileen Attwood says:

      Yes I remember this, the smell of the money in the room and on your hands after putting it in the packets. Always two of you to a station and as you say had to balance to the penny, and on Friday you paid it out from different pay stations around the factory. The apprentices were paid out in one of those tunnels.

      1. Clare says:

        Hi just wondering if you could tell me the name of the road this is on? I’ve gone mind blank.

        1. Andy says:

          It was on Heath Street and Cranford Street, it was effectively the same stretch of road but changed names part way along.

  5. Lauren Jones says:

    I’ve just found this site and love your work: derelict buildings are absolutely beautiful in my eyes. If you’re ever in the Derby/Nottingham region I’d love to go exploring with you. Good luck with your continued ventures. Great work.

  6. Joby says:

    Hi,

    How would I become an urban explorer? I am truly interested in this and live in the West Midlands/Black Country

  7. Bryce Kenwood says:

    Is the building still accesible to this day?

    1. tomo says:

      Hi Bryce, all the GKN buildings have now been demolished to make way for the new hospital.

      1. The Urban Explorer says:

        That’s a shame. Would you be able to provide photos?

        1. Eddie says:

          Did you ever get pictures of the new hospital mixed in with some of the old buildings that haven’t been knocked down fully yet?

      2. Joseph b says:

        The site IS STILL there! I drove past it earlier today, the hospital seems to be being built RIGHT next to it though, and if the GKN factory is due to be demolished in the near future I’m unsure. BUT the hospital / building site next to it seems to have brought security guards (to the hospital, not the GKN factory), so a certain degree of stealth may be required.

        (many years ago the site could be accessed through some other derelict warehouses around the corner, via a gap between a gate and wall, unfortunately it has since been bricked up and there are now cameras covering this specific “entrance” from a lamppost across the road)

        1. The Urban Explorer says:

          Looks like you’re right if the latest Google Maps imagery is to be trusted. And I can still see our entry point, good news!

        2. tomo says:

          Hi Joseph, there are some of the GKN buildings still left which look in a real bad state now. The majority of the site has been demolished. The new hospital is built mainly on the GKN self-tapping side. The wood screw mill is still in the flattened state. The bolt mill looks like it’s still there on Heath Street as well as the bridge.

          1. The Urban Explorer says:

            The buildings and majority of the top-side structures were always an absolute mess, even 10 years ago. The beauty of the site was always the tunnels.

            1. Mark says:

              I worked there for over 20 years

        3. David says:

          As for the site in general, the hospital is being built on the location of what was the St. Georges mill, along with any small buildings on that side, mainly off Grove Lane. Were you to look up Keen St on Google maps, you could find a ghost image of the street, and still be able to get a fairly good street view through the locked gates at that time. This area has now been built on for the hospital but if you look carefully you can find an old image that would be about 20 years old now.

    2. Maria says:

      My Nan who is 90 sitting with me now worked here in the 1950s where she met my Grandad. Nan still lives in Birmingham and is happy, misses Ireland.

  8. Daveh says:

    It would be an absolute disgrace if this old building gets knocked down, would be nice if the new hospital could keep this and redevelop it in to something the hospital could use, or sell privately maybe for other commercial ventures such as a hotels and restaurants like a wharf side steakhouse, or something to that effect.

  9. Alex Ward says:

    Hi all, is this factory still abandoned, just looked on Google Maps and nothing looks like a building site?

    1. Mirways says:

      Hey, I do not really know if the building is demolished but I am looking to go there with someone and with some of my friends. So if you are interested then please contact me by email. mirways.samandar@hotmail.com

    2. TC says:

      The site is now generally part of the new Metropolitan Hospital site and probably well secured. A lot of the original buildings in Heath street remain but will probably go when the site is further developed

    3. Oksana (Roxy) says:

      Hey, I would love to go and take some photos there if the site is still there. I’m based in Birmingham. If anyone fancies taking a trip there – count me IN! My e-mail is opavlenko69@gmail.com.

  10. CCS Media Student says:

    I was just browsing for different abandoned structures in my local area for a film project of mine, but I don’t know if the rumours of the ENTIRE site being demolished is true.

    Is the site still standing and accessible?

    If you have any word on this, can you please email me at shonjord@ccsacademy.net

    Thanks.

  11. Joe says:

    Okay, after visiting the site earlier and now referencing google maps, I can confirm that most of the factory has NOT been demolished. The western most buildings however have been made from what I could tell inaccessible, with large metal sheets covering the doors actually inside the complex. In the open areas and the few buildings I was able to explore, I wasn’t able to find the entrance to the tunnels (aside from some manhole style openings that were completely filled with debris), so I can only assume that the entrance is in those western most buildings. If anybody has a incline as to where the tunnels may be and if they’re still actually accessible, please email me at batejor@gmail.com. Great explore, looking forward to going back and visiting it’s sister building in Lichfield!

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      It seems like a lot has progressed since I was last here. Google maps shows loads of cars in the once wasteland area, and streetview shows the main gates open and the area clearly under development. The tunnels were accessible via ladders in the ground floor of the main building (with the arched top windows). If I remember rightly, they also opened up towards the eastern end (near the gate) and could be just walked in to. It wouldn’t surprise me if the current developers have filled them, but it would have taken A LOT of backfill!

      1. Faith says:

        I’m currently working towards filming a horror film trailer, and this place would be great! Any chance someone could email me at faith.starie@countesthorpe.cc – and tell me all about it’s current condition and address? It would be amazing :)

  12. Joe says:

    I’ve just got out of there after exploring the site (or what’s left of it haha). A lot of the factory has been lost to demolition work, with there only being one feasible entrance now without hurting yourself.

    The site is nowhere near as extensive as I have been told it once was, and there is no access to the tunnels now (if I’m wrong please correct me, because we searched through every room that was accessible). It’s a nice place to explore if you’re going through the area, but I wouldn’t make a trip here solely for this place; it’s a shame I didn’t get here before the demo works to see the tunnels in all their glory.

  13. Andy says:

    Anybody in the West Midlands interested in meeting up. Worcester based but easy access to Birmingham etc. Give me a message :)

    andrew-macdonald91@hotmail.com

    Andy

    1. Jay says:

      Is this the Carillon building site by the McDonald’s? What’s the entry region? And is it still patrolled?

  14. Robert says:

    Hi there, I’m doing a heritage project on the site for the Canal and River Trust. I don’t suppose by any chance you looked at the 10 air raid shelters at the rear of the site, dug into the grassy bank? These are the focus of the report I am undertaking. Any info you know of would be great. Cheers.

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      No, I’m afraid not!

  15. Liam says:

    Hi there, I was just wondering if you were able to give me the full address for this area? I have struggled on finding it myself. Thank you!

    1. Alfie says:

      I am also looking for the full address and post code could you get back to me if you have found it please!

  16. Bonky McHonkisson says:

    A Google Maps ‘driveby’ on Cranford Street, Smethwick, dated September 2015 shows the GKN building demolished and ‘Mar City Homes’ claiming the site. I see from their website that the new homes are ‘coming soon’ and the development is called ‘Cranford Grange’.

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      I think you’ve got the wrong location there, Bonky. I’ve just looked at Google Streetview and the building is very much still there (September 2015 imagery).

      1. Abdullah says:

        Do you know the full address

    2. Sedz says:

      The building is very much still there.
      They’re building the homes on the scrap yard next door.

    3. Dave says:

      Hi Bonky, having just read your comment about the Cranford St/Mar City development I can confirm it was part of the GKN site as it was the location of the regional Head Office buildings and one of the three boiler houses. And they were big boilers.

      To save you needing to walk down the main road in moving around the site, there was a link foot bridge over the canal that led towards the “Bolt Mill” and internal roadway. I actually worked at the factory for a number of years in the 70’s and 80’s, and it brings back memories seeing some of the pictures on here but so much has gone now. The new hospital is now being built on the site of the old St. Georges mill which was mainly accessed off Grove Lane. The Google images I have seen is from 2020 so I am not sure what pictures you have seen but can imagine what they were.

      1. Andrew Styman says:

        My Mom; Barbara Styman/Rowley worked at GKN from 1975 till 2001 (retired at 60). Started work in Heath Street Mill then moved into the wrapping room. Micky Smithe and Geoff Grainger were her managers in the wrapping room. I always remember when she finished her shift at 2pm, I’d sometimes go to meet her and end up in the Queens Arms Pub on the Heath Street exit, London Works Tavern on London Street and in the latter years it was The George on Grove Lane. Fond memories of kids Christmas parties around 1980 when I was 8yrs old.

  17. Gio says:

    Hello I’m a photography student, I’m currently doing a documentary project and I was wondering if you could advise me on any places to go to for some photography opportunities.

  18. dan says:

    Is there asbestos there?

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      Almost definitely.

  19. dyl says:

    Hi, just wondered if this place is still accessible, as I am interested in taking a few photos for my A-Level course, I live around 45 Minutes away and wondered if it would be worth the trip?

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      Dyl, I travelled about 4 hours in the hope it’d be accessible. I suspect it will be, but that’s the nature of the hobby I’m afraid, you just never know!

      1. donna says:

        Hi guys , I’m a Smethwick girl and also a paranormal investigator and would love to visit the site xoxo you send me the details of who I need to contact

    2. Dan F says:

      Hi there, no it is no longer accesible as it has been demolished, I done security there while the demolition was being undertook in 2014.

      1. The Urban Explorer says:

        Dan, I think you may be mistaken. I’ve seen photos taken from March 2015 and it’s still very much there.

    3. Juna says:

      Hi Dyl, I’m an A-Level student too and planning on going there to take some photos for my portfolio and exam. Did you manage to go there?

  20. Osman Arshad says:

    Is it possible to get the floorplans of this factory from somewhere?

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      That’s a pretty niche request. I’d suggest starting at the local library, history centre, council? They must have existed somewhere at sometime, but whether they’ve survived or not is another question!

  21. Angela says:

    Me and a few people are wondering about visits some places like this, do you need to get permission from any one to enter this site and if so who and how ? Any info would be helpful x

    1. Tariq hussain says:

      Angela, you do need permission to enter this historical fab place. Entering this site without permission constitutes trespass.

      1. joe says:

        You do not, provided it is open and you don’t have to force entry, you can enter the site. Trespassing is something that is only civilly prosecute-able, so entry to the site is not a criminal offence.

  22. Luke Mooney says:

    Really interested in doing some photography in any sort of abandoned building around Oxfordshire or Birmingham. It would be fantastic if you could email lukebubbles@hotmail.co.uk with any suggestions, thank you!

    1. Alex says:

      Hi Luke, It’s still a pretty good place to shoot. The building is still in-tact.
      alexadams.photography/?bw_gallery=gkn-shadow-factory-august-2015 shows a bit of it.

  23. Worldofcapella says:

    Hi UE

    Planning a short film in August would be a great location! Who do I have to contact to ask permission! Any help greatly appreciated and full credits to this local piece for you to see!thanks
    Joe

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      I haven’t a clue, Joe. And I doubt you’ll ever get permission, the place is a Health & Safety nightmare.

      1. Aman says:

        Is there any security there?

        1. The Urban Explorer says:

          Not when I visited, but a few years have passed since.

  24. Kerry Paul says:

    Looking to find a model or two to shoot around sites like this. Should get some amazing shots

    1. Vikki Luff says:

      I have a Silent Hill Nurse costume that would so suit this place!

  25. Joe says:

    Hi guys,
    I haven’t been to this site but looking on Google Earth the site seemed very empty. After a bit of researching I came across this
    http://www.demotix.com/news/2218442/wwii-tunnels-be-demolished-new-super-hospital-birmingham/all-media

    Can anyone confirm that the site has been cleared to save me a wasted day.

    Cheers

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      A wasted day is always a possibility in this hobby mate! However, I’m pretty sure the factory is still there although it was mentioned in September 2014 that “work has really been pressing on” with the hospital site.

      There really is only one way to find out for sure… maybe pin-point a few locations in the area so you’re not putting all your hope in to one site if it proves to be a no-go.

      1. Jay says:

        Hey, as a kid I was always wandering in and out of factories and abandoned buildings (as you do) but came across a few sites now I’m in my mid 20’s that I would love to get into and have a good look around.

        I’m amazed by the history some of these buildings hold and just want to experience it for myself – any tips for a starter?
        Or anybody else want to join me in taking a look around this site as I live local :)

        1. Chris says:

          Hi mate. I’m shooting a music video here early June, I tried to find it today but failed miserably.
          Any idea where it is ? Want to go to check it out ?
          Chris.

          1. Declan says:

            OMG this is so weird. I wanted to make a music video here as well and I have no idea how to get to the factory even though I am from Smethwick lol. Anyway if you find out where the location is can you please let me know. Thanks :)

            1. The Urban Explorer says:

              Does no one actually read the report? It clearly states where the factory is.

    2. Mike says:

      Yes the site is still there I drove past it yesterday, you will not be disappointed it’s amazing down there!

    3. Alex says:

      Hi Joe,

      I work in the construction industry and checked a national database we use to track projects; it looks as though work won’t start on this site before late 2015/early 2016.
      Better visit before it’s too late; I’m thinking of visiting this soon too.

      Best regards.

      1. The Urban Explorer says:

        That sounds like a very handy tool to have, Alex!

  26. lexi louise says:

    I’m a freelance experienced model and I would love to go here with a photographer and do some shots inside, looks amazing

  27. I went here a few weeks back with my friend after walking from Smethwick town center, couldn’t find a way in, I couldn’t work out whether I was at the wrong end of the road, I need to go for a college project as I’ve put it in my brief and changing the location means changing the whole thing again, is it at the bottom of Cranford street or the other end near Heath street? As when I got there I was rather confused :)
    I’m planning to go back soonish anyhow

    Thank you

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      Read the report & comments David, and all will become clear.

  28. RD says:

    Went here yesterday as my first ever adventure and loved it, looking for new places near by already :D

  29. Chrisieboy says:

    Fantastic pictures. My factory is sadly closing, we too make screws and bolts, all our machines are destined to Pakistan. Funnily enough the old chap I work with was a worker here until it closed its doors a few years back

    1. Summer says:

      Can I take some photos at your factory? To help you remember the place?

  30. Woz says:

    Where abouts do you get in when you are there?

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      That’s totally up to you.

  31. Chloe says:

    Can someone give me a link to the directions to this place please I’m really struggling

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      Chloe, read the report. Read the comments. You’ll then have no problem finding it!

  32. Natasha Moss says:

    I see that most of these posts are a few months old does anyone know if you can still gain access? As I feel a little road trip coming on, Thanks

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      I would imagine so, Natasha. Not a lot changes in these big industrial areas. I’ve seen some reports from September 2014 on 28dayslater.

      1. Jackie says:

        Anyone have an idea where abouts it is in Smethwick?! Trying to find an address of some sort

        1. The Urban Explorer says:

          Read through the report & comments Jackie and you’ll have no problem at all finding it.

          1. Jackie says:

            Yeah I noticed the road after I posted the comment! Going there ****. Do you know where the easiest entrance is? I don’t have a clue looking from Google maps where it could be. Thanks!

            1. The Urban Explorer says:

              Access changes daily in places like this, but trust me, if the same route I took is still accessible, when you’re there in person you’ll see it. No doubt about that. (Oh, and best not to broadcast in public when you’re visiting – security, thieves/pikeys etc. love information like that!)

  33. SirBlox says:

    I went to this location today to get a shoot on abandoned places for my photography course, and I was not disappointed! It’s very easy to get in to and once you’re in there’s a huge atmosphere that just adds to the whole feeling, I didn’t even go into the tunnels and still got some amazing shots. This has been my first try at urban exploring and I already feel hooked, thanks for posting this article it’s been a huge inspiration :D

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      You’re welcome. And I’m glad you’ve got the bug now! The tunnels are definitely worth a look.

    2. sal says:

      Hi, I was wondering if you could give me a place of entry or an exact location. Need to know ASAP for a photoshoot. Thank you :)

    3. Chris g says:

      Hi, how hard was it to get in, as I plan to shoot there at some point in the future, thanks

  34. skinny fox. says:

    I don’t see what the problem is on finding this place. I just google mapped it, and guess what. It came straight up. I’m assuming its the grounds with the big metal gates on it. With the 2 castle emblems on the gates.

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      Bingo. Not hard is it!

  35. LondonColin says:

    I worked at GKN Screws and Fasteners at their Heath Street mill in the early 70’s. It was full of ancient machinery making wood screws one at a time on miniature automatic lathes, and self tappers which were rolled from wire. There were two machines then which were already 100 years old and worked two shifts a day making coach screws. Amazing to think of it.
    I have no recollection of the ‘tunnels’ despite roaming all over the place when I was bored and underworked. But I do remember a few hidden places frequented by girls with a certain reputation.
    I’m not surprised it closed down.

  36. Tilly says:

    These pics r amazin, is the buildin still like this if so where about is it, doin a photography course in college n wnt pics lyk dis, thanks

    1. The Urban Explorer says:

      I think you might need to enrol on an English course instead! Haha! Thank you though, I appreciate that. I would assume the factory is still standing, I’m not local so I couldn’t say. It’s not difficult to find though if you do a bit of research.

      1. Josh says:

        Me and a few friends went into the factory today and went through the basement , we think the tunnels go a lot further as we followed one for about 10 minute off the main path , also we found another factory close to a petrol station that looked abandoned about 5-10 minutes drive from this factory wondered if you had any info on that , cheers

        1. Richard says:

          Hi Josh was it easy to access? Any big gate etc. Might arrange a model shot at this location so info would be helpful

          Cheers

  37. DeaDas says:

    Text here the complete address or the postcode, I don’t find this place! I see one place the same, but it’s closed all door!

    1. …then maybe you don’t use a door ;)

  38. JC says:

    Wow, love the look of this place. I live about an hour from Brum and on occasion I’ve stumbled across some of these old industrial back streets and they fascinate me.

    I’m just getting into photography too and would love to stumble across some of these places for a shoot.

    Keep up the good work.

  39. Alex Taylor says:

    Looks like a great place! However I’m struggling to find it on google maps even with the address being posted here in the comments :/
    Could someone give me an accurate location of where it is, unless it has been knocked down? As if it has, then its a big shame :(

    1. steve says:

      Hi, went to visit this morning, lots of security and no real place of entry and I’m not adverse to a little risk taking.

  40. Lee says:

    Looks like you just walked right through the front door. Does anyone know if it’s still like this? Or if its blocked.

    I would really love to take some video stills of the place.

    Amazing shots! Keep up the work.

  41. Kat says:

    Hiya,

    Did you have any problems getting in to look around & shoot in this area? Doesn’t seem to be any ‘no entry’ signs but just want to be sure. :)

    Thanks.

    Kat.

    1. No problem at all. I’m sure you’ll have no trouble. Happy exploring!

  42. Cam says:

    Me and my buddy want to give this place an explore, but I can’t seem to find a location for it. Any one who knows a street name for it etc. I would be very appreciative
    Thanks

    1. G says:

      Hey cam its on heath st winson green. I used to live on heath st in the 70’s. I wud luv to investigate too myself so wud luv to go with u.

  43. ben says:

    Can anyone please give location?? Searching Google maps etc is timely and boring, I just want to get there and shoot film.
    Thanks..
    Ben.

    1. J T JONES says:

      Hi Ben,

      Have a look at Birmingham A/Z maps. Page 72 @ 1d Heath St. bottom end by Cranford St. It’s down that way.

      Regards, Jonah

  44. Dokka says:

    Where in Smethick is it? I don’t know the area very well but this location keeps popping up on location sites.

    1. It’s so easy to find! I don’t live in Birmingham and I’d never even heard of Smethwick before. A quick search on Google and I found the location in under 5 minutes. If you’re really struggling I’ll help…

      1. Beth says:

        Where exactly is the address I can find the street, also it may have been demolished, the research I have done is inconclusive, does anybody know for sure? Thanks

  45. Louise Monk says:

    Hey,

    I am really interested in taking photographs here! Looks amazing!

    Louise

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